Introduction
Ravana vaingloriously extols himself and tempts Seetha with all impossible comforts and luxuries, if she obliges him and comes to Lanka with him, leaving Rama. She curtly dismisses all his baiting and luring.
एवम् ब्रुवत्याम् सीतायाम् संरब्धः परुष अक्षरम् |
ललाटे भ्रुकुटीम् कृत्वा रावणः प्रति उवाच ह || ३-४८-१
lalaaTe bhrukuTiim kR^itvaa raavaNaH prati uvaaca ha || 3-48-1
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.1
When Seetha spoke thus Ravana is embittered, and knitting his eyebrows he indeed spoke these rudish words to Seetha. [3-48-1] .
भ्राता वैश्रवणस्य अहम् सापत्नो वरवर्णिनि |
रावणो नाम भद्रम् ते दशग्रीवः प्रतापवान् || ३-४८-२
raavaNo naama bhadram te dashagriivaH prataapavaan || 3-48-2
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.2
“I am known as Ravana, oh, lady with superb complexion, let safety betide you, the highly valorous and ten-headed stepbrother of Kubera. [3-48-2] .
यस्य देवाः स गंधर्वाः पिशाच पतग उरगाः |
विद्रवन्ति भयात् भीता मृत्योः इव सदा प्रजाः || ३-४८-३
vidravanti bhayaat bhiitaa mR^ityoH iva sadaa prajaaH || 3-48-3
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.3
“I am that Ravana at whose sight all the gods together with gandharva-s, evil-spirits, birds and snakes will always be frightened and fleeing, as with the people frightened and fleeing from death. [3-48-3] .
येन वैश्रवणो भ्राता वैमात्रः कारणांतरे |
द्वन्द्वम् आसादितः क्रोधात् रणे विक्रम्य निर्जितः || ३-४८-४
dvandvam aasaaditaH krodhaat raNe vikramya nirjitaH || 3-48-4
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.4
“I am that Ravana who when infuriated for some other reason took up a duel with Kubera, his brother from stepparent, wherein that Kubera is set up against and completely trounced in a combat. [3-48-4] .
मत् भय आर्तः परित्यज्य स्वम् अधिष्ठानम् ऋद्धिमत् |
कैलासम् पर्वत श्रेष्ठम् अध्यास्ते नर वाहनः || ३-४८-५
kailaasam parvata shreShTham adhyaaste nara vaahanaH || 3-48-5
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.5
“I am that Ravana by whom Kubera, the god for Wealth-Management whose vehicular transport is handled by humans, is tormented fearfully and made to completely abandon his wealthiest place which is presided over by him till then, and I am the one who made that Kubera to flee to the excellent Mt. Kailash where he is somehow living, because I will not cause any harm on Mt. Kailash as I hold it sacred. [3-48-5] .
यस्य तत् पुष्पकम् नाम विमानम् कामगम् शुभम् |
वीर्याद् आवर्जितम् भद्रे येन यामि विहायसम् || ३-४८-६
viiryaad aavarjitam bhadre yena yaami vihaayasam || 3-48-6
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.6
“I am that Ravana, oh, auspicious lady, who just by his valour acquired Kubera’s auspicious aircraft known as Pushpaka, whose pilotage is just by the wish of its aviator, with which I will be travelling in skies. [3-48-6] .
मम संजात रोषस्य मुखम् दृष्ट्वा एव मैथिलि |
विद्रवन्ति परित्रस्ताः सुराः शक्र पुरोगमाः || ३-४८-७
vidravanti paritrastaaH suraaH shakra purogamaaH || 3-48-7
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.7
“Just by seeing rancour-shot face of mine, oh, Maithili, all the gods will quickly shoot off, even if Indra is leading them, then where is the question of their confronting me. [3-48-7] .
यत्र तिष्ठामि अहम् तत्र मारुतो वाति शन्कितः |
तीव्र अंशुः शिशिर अंशुः च भयात् संपद्यते रविः || ३-४८-८
tiivra aMshuH shishira aMshuH ca bhayaat saMpadyate raviH || 3-48-8
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.8
“Where I will be staying there the Air-god wafts doubtfully, lest his gusts and blasts may hurt me, and the Sun also effectuates his singeing sunbeams as cooling moonbeams, lest I may abduct his wife Prabha, the Sunshine. [3-48-8] .
निष्कंप पत्राः तरवो नद्यः च स्तिमित उदकाः |
भवन्ति यत्र तत्र अहम् तिष्ठामि च चरामि च || ३-४८-९
bhavanti yatra tatra aham tiShThaami ca caraami ca || 3-48-9
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.9
“At places where I will be staying or freely moving there the leaves of trees will be less of rustle, lest I may wilt them up, and there the gush of water of rivers too will quieten, lest I may dry them up. [3-48-9] .
मम पारे समुद्रस्य लंका नाम पुरी शुभा |
संपूर्णा राक्षसैः घोरैः यथा इन्द्रस्य अमरावती || ३-४८-१०
saMpuurNaa raakShasaiH ghoraiH yathaa indrasya amaraavatii || 3-48-10
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.10
“My magnificent city known as Lanka is there on the other shore of the ocean, plethoric with all kinds of amenities, as well as with ghastly demons, which city will be on par with Indra’s Amaravati, but for meekly gods and meaningless souls. [3-48-10] .
प्राकारेण परिक्षिप्ता पाण्डुरेण विराजिता |
हेम कक्ष्या पुरी रम्या वैदूर्यमय तोरणा || ३-४८-११
hema kakShyaa purii ramyaa vaiduuryamaya toraNaa || 3-48-11
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.11
“That gorgeous city is completely walled in with compound walls that are adorned with whitish silver, and its palace-chambers are golden, and its archways are fully jewelled with lapis jewels. [3-48-11] .
हस्ति अश्व रथ संभाधा तूर्य नाद विनादिता |
सर्व काम फलैः वृक्षैः संकुल उद्यान भूषिता || ३-४८-१२
sarva kaama phalaiH vR^ikShaiH sa.nkula udyaana bhuuShitaa || 3-48-12
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.12
“It is encumbered with elephants, horses and chariots, well sounded by the sounds of trumpets, and with trees which yield fruits that fulfil all the savours, and it is bedecked with chirrupy pleasure-gardens. [3-48-12] .
तत्र त्वम् वस हे सीते राजपुत्रि मया सह |
न स्मरिष्यसि नारीणाम् मानुषीणाम् मनस्विनि || ३-४८-१३
na smariShyasi naariiNaam maanuShiiNaam manasvini || 3-48-13
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.13
“Oh, princess, oh, self-respectful lady, if you reside there together with me, hè, Seetha, then you will not think of yourself as one from among human females. [3-48-13]
The addressing expression hè, has some significance, as in hè, raam… hè, prabho… hè, bhagavaan… This has a signal of reverence than that the usual ‘O’ or ‘oh,’ for they are bland expressions of addressing.
भुंजाना मानुषान् भोगान् दिव्यान् च वरवर्णिनि |
न स्मरिष्यसि रामस्य मानुषस्य गत आयुषः || ३-४८-१४
na smariShyasi raamasya maanuShasya gata aayuShaH || 3-48-14
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.14
“Revelling in humanly luxuries, over and beyond in heavenly luxuries also, you will not recollect humanly Rama, whose longevity is lessened. [3-48-14]
Vividly: ‘you said that you enjoyed all humanly luxuries when you stayed at your in-law’s place in Ayodhya, as at 3-47-4… they are nothing when compared with the luxuries I provide in Lanka… they are a + maanuSaan bhogaan ‘super human luxuries…’ as well as divyaan ‘paradisiacal…’ so you choose yourself between this forlorn state and a stately living…’ Ravana spoke this as a perfect tempting debauch.
Ravana as devotee of Lakshmi is saying: ‘If you come to Lanka with me and tatra vasatii ‘while staying there…’ another text for the above tatra vasa ‘you stay there…’ mayaa ‘ by me, a servant of yours, suchlike me…’ ellipt. samarpitaan ‘submitted, offered offerings…’ maanuSaan ca divyaam ca bhogaan bhunjaanaa ‘humanly, and heavenly luxuries, on enjoying…’ maanuSiiNaam naariiNaam: dvitiiyena SaSTi ‘one among human females…’ na smariSyasi ‘you do not reminisce…’
‘You will not count yourself as a human female, if you come over to Lanka and enjoy the humanly and heavenly luxuries, which I, as a humble servant of yours, will offer…’
If you come there, you will not think of maanuSasya ‘incarnate as man, Rama…’ gata aayuSasya = gata, aayuSaH = acquired, longevity; ‘Rama who acquired a longevity for eleven thousand years… raamasya ‘about such a Rama… you will not think about him at all…’ ellipt. naH sambandhinaH ‘we, the related beings of Rama…’ smariSyasi ‘you think of…’
‘you will stop thinking about humans and other humanly affairs, and you also will not think of Rama alone, but you will think about us, the accursed demons, the dependents and servants of the Supreme Person, Vishnu… and in doing so, your thinking shall lead towards our release from this accursed demon-hood…’ Maheshvara Tiirtha.
स्थापयित्वा प्रियम् पुत्रम् राज्ञा दशरथेन यः |
मन्द वीर्यः सुतो ज्येष्ठः ततः प्रस्थापितो वनम् || ३-४८-१५
manda viiryaH suto jyeShThaH tataH prasthaapito vanam || 3-48-15
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.15
“Though Rama is the eldest son, king Dasharatha established his dear son Bharata as king, and because Rama is spineless he is put to flight to forests, and now, what is he and what am I, in matter of sovereignty. [3-48-15]
Ravana as devotee says: raaj~naa ‘one that rules from within…’ like an antaryaami, ‘an inner force… i.e., you as Goddess Lakshmi, raaj~naa ‘by King Dasharatha…’ as an inner force of Dasharatha, you made Dasharatha to select manda viiryaH, a priyaH, putram, bharatam ‘spineless, not, the choicest, son, Bharata…’ and sthaapayitvaa ‘you made Dasharatha to establish Bharata on throne…’ raaj~naa ‘by the inner ruler, inner force… by you…’ the King Dasharatha is incited to send his jyeSTaH ‘eldest son…’ also as said in vishNu sahasra naamaavali: jyeSTaH shreSTaH prajaapatiH ‘eldest, best, ruler of people… Vishnu, is prasthaapito vanam ‘sent away to forests…
’you are Goddess Lakshmi, an inner-ruler in all beings… though Dasharatha was uninterested to select Bharata you made Dasharatha, as his inner force, to select a spineless Bharata, and Bharata is established on the throne by Dasharatha, through you… besides, though Dasharatha was disinterested to send his dear eldest son Rama to forests, you as Dasharatha’s inner force, made Dasharatha to send Rama, the eldest, best, and the only ruler of people, namely Rama, [as said in Vishnu’s Thousand names,] to forests for the elimination of demons, and thereby to release us from our accursed being… hence you, as inner force of everybody, have to come with me, if Rama’s incarnation is to yield its results…’ Maheshvara Tiirtha.
तेन किम् भ्रष्ट राज्येन रामेण गत चेतसा |
करिष्यसि विशालाक्षि तापसेन तपस्विना || ३-४८-१६
kariShyasi vishaalaakShi taapasena tapasvinaa || 3-48-16
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.16
“Rama is subverted from kingdom, thus dwindled is valour, thus winded down is his anima, thus he has become a pitiable one, thus he became an ascetic as nothing else is there for him to undertake, oh, broad-eyed lady, what do you aspire to do with such a Rama? [3-48-16]
When a tempter can convincingly prove that a woman’s husband is ‘unfit’ then only he can succeed in his overtures. His theorematic reasoning is to let down Rama from Seetha’s viewpoint, as she has broad-eyes, and she is supposed to see reality: ‘Rama is rendered to nothing as said in an age-old saying bhagnaa kR^iSe bhaagavataa bhavanti ‘when manly pursuits fail, he turns out as a sanctimonious person… sanyaasi, bairaag, a friar…’ Hence, living with him here will cause only eye-soar in looking at these murky forests, to your wide-eyes… thus, come with me…’
Ravana as devotee says: bhaSTa raajyena; bhraSTam ariiNaam raajyam, yena tena ‘subverted, enemies’, kingdoms, by whom, by him…’ ‘he who has subverted all the kingdoms of enemies, with such a Rama…’ gata cetasaa ‘devoid of inner soul…’ He by himself is the Cosmic Soul and no duality of souls occurs in the Absolute Soul. Because He has no duality, there will be no duality in his acts na tasya kaaryam, kaaraNam na vidyate… shruti. Then He is taapasena tapasvinaam: taapasa ina tapasvinaam ‘for ascetics, lord, also an acetic…’ because He is lord of all ascetics he must also be one with them…’ saha raameNa tvam ‘with, Rama, you…’ ellipt. ayam vij~naapanam ‘this supplication…’ kariSyasi kim ‘will you make over, isn’t it?
‘He who has snubbed down all enemy kingdoms, where enemies are not earthly enemies, and as he has no duality in his deeds, won’t you make over this request of mine, in welcoming you to Lanka, to him…’ Tiirtha.
सर्व राक्षस भर्तारम् कामय – कामात् – स्वयम् आगतम् |
न मन्मथ शर आविष्टम् प्रति आख्यातुम् त्वम् अर्हसि || ३-४८-१७
na manmatha shara aaviShTam prati aakhyaatum tvam ar.hhasi || 3-48-17
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.17
“I, the king of all the demons, am hit by the arrows of Love-god and came to you in love, and instead of beseeching me to love you, your rejection and speaking this way, is unapt of you.
Or
“Although I am the king of all the demons, on seeing you I am hit by the arrows of Love-god and came to you, thus you love me… but rejecting me this way is unapt of you, as you alone will be loosing heavenly comforts, if you reject me. [3-48-17]
Ravana, the devotee is saying: ‘I maybe the king of all the demons, but kaamaat ‘longingly, devotedly, zealously…’ iha aagatam ‘to here, he who came…’ manmadha shara aaviSTam prati here the last word prati ‘towards’ is to be taken as iva ‘like, as though, deem…’ then ‘deeming me as though I am hit by the arrows of Love-god and talking nonsense…’ svayam ‘you personally… in your right mind’ aakhyaatum na arhasi ‘to say so, is inapt of you…’
“I may be a king of all the demons in universes, but I am a zealotry devotee of yours… but deeming me to be one who is hit by the arrows of Love-god and thus speaking nonsense… this way of your thinking of me and speaking to me, is unapt of you in the right your mind…’ Maheshvara Tiirtha.
प्रति आख्याय हि माम् भीरु परितापम् गमिष्यसि |
चरणेन अभिहत्य इव पुरूरवसम् ऊर्वशी || ३-४८-१८
caraNena abhihatya iva puruuravasam uurvashii || 3-48-18
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.18
“Oh, modest lady, on refusing me you surely become remorseful like Uurvashi who once kicked Puruurava with her feet. [3-48-18]
Uurvashi is one among the four celestial chief maidens, apsara-s, namely, Uurvashi, Rambha, Menaka and Tiolottama. When Vishnu was in His meditation all the other apsara-s came to Him to disturb His meditation. Knowing that, Vishnu gave birth to this Uurvashi from his things. Thus, she is called the one who came from thighs uuruH ‘from thighs…’ and this word is defined as uru vaSTi ‘muchly, splendorous one…’ Then the other apsara-s had to accept ashamedly that Uurvashi is a beauty of higher order. Kalidasa took this as his subject for his drama ‘Vikramorvashiiyam.’.
अंगुल्या न समो रामो मम युद्धे स मानुषः |
तव भाग्येन् संप्राप्तम् भजस्व वरवर्णिनि || ३-४८-१९
tava bhaagyen saMpraaptam bhajasva varavar.hNini || 3-48-19
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.19
“He that Rama is merely a human, and in war he equals me not by my finger, oh, richly colourful lady, and I chanced here merely by your serendipity, thus you honour me and my desire to possess you…” Thus Ravana spoke to Seetha. [3-48-19]
‘Serendipity’ is the faculty of making happy and unexpected discoveries by accident… coined by Horace Walpole [1754] after The Three Princes of Serendip [now Sri Lanka,] a fairy tale. Now as a Lankan, let Ravana also say so.
Ravana, the devotee is saying: yuddhe ‘in war…’ yasya angulyaaH samaH ko api na asti ‘whose, finger, equalling, whoever, even, not, there…’ yaH saH raamaH ‘ who, he, is Rama… or, Vishnu Himself…’ maanuSaH ‘humanly incarnate…’ tam ‘him, such a Rama…’ mama bhaagyena ‘by my, fortune…’ sampraaptam ‘presently’ let that Rama arrive [in Lanka…]’ bhajasva ‘him, that Rama, you hold him in honour…’
“In battlefield none can match that Rama even by his little finger, for He is none other than Vishnu, and such a Vishnu chanced here in the human incarnation as Rama, and let fortune betide me and let that Rama arrive in my Lanka, and you be instrumental to his arrival, then you may hold that Rama in high honour… for all this to happen first you come with me…” Maheshvara Tiirtha.
एवम् उक्ता तु वैदेही क्रुद्धा संरक्त लोचना |
अब्रवीत् परुषम् वाक्यम् रहिते राक्षस अधिपम् || ३-४८-२०
abraviit paruSham vaakyam rahite raakShasa adhipam || 3-48-20
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.20
Vaidehi who is spoken thus is infuriated on her part and with her eyes bloodshot spoke these bitter words to the king of demons in that lonely lace. [3-48-20]
The lonely place is an advantageous place for such tempters. But if the tempted is self-controlled, nothing adverse can happen. raagam viviktaa iti vardhayanti ‘inclination increases in isolation…’ But Seetha is disinclined to any such advances or lures or temptations. Some discussion is there in endnote.
कथम् वैश्रवणम् देवम् सर्व देव नमस्कृतम् |
भ्रातरम् व्यपदिश्य त्वम् अशुभम् कर्तुम् इच्छसि || ३-४८-२१
bhraataram vyapadishya tvam ashubham kartum icchhasi || 3-48-21
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.21
“How you wish to commit sins although saying that Kubera, a god reverenced by all of the gods, is your brother? [3-48-21].
अवश्यम् विनशिष्यन्ति सर्वे रावण राक्षसाः |
येषाम् त्वम् कर्कशो राजा दुर्बुद्धिः अजित इन्द्रियः || ३-४८-२२
yeShaam tvam karkasho raajaa dur.hbuddhiH ajita indriyaH || 3-48-22
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.22
“All the demons will perforce get completely destroyed, oh, Ravana, for whom you the cruel and culpable one with uncontrolled senses is the king, and you will be blameworthy for the elimination of righteous demons like Vibheeshana, et al. [3-48-22] .
अपहृत्य शचीम् भार्याम् शक्यम् इन्द्रस्य जीवितुम् |
न हि रामस्य भार्याम् माम् अपनीय अस्ति जीवितम् || ३-४८-२३
na hi raamasya bhaaryaam maam apaniiya asti jiivitam || 3-48-23
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.23
“It may be possible to live after abducting Shaci Devi, the wife of Indra, somehow and anyhow there will be no liveability after abducting me, the wife of Rama. [3-48-23] .
जीवेत् चिरम् वज्र धरस्य हस्तात्
शचीम् प्रधृष्य अप्रतिरूप रूपाम् |
न मा दृशीम् राक्षस धर्षयित्वा
पीत अमृतस्य अपि तव अस्ति मोक्षः || ३-४८-२४
shaciim pradhR^iShya apratiruupa ruupaam |
na maa dR^ishiim raakShasa dhar.hShayitvaa
piita amR^itasya api tava asti mokShaH || 3-48-24
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 3.48.24
“Oh, demon, un-mirrored is the prettiness of prettyish Shaci Devi, and one may live long on forcibly snatching her away from the hands of the wielder of Thunderbolt, Indra, but to him who intimidates or abuses me or women like me, there will be no moksha, release from the cycle of rebirth, even if he has consumed amR^ita ambrosia.” Thus Seetha spoke to Ravana. [3-48-24]
Seetha iterated twice about Shaci Devi for reinforcing her argument. She did not say ‘on abducting me you will not survive…’ but said ‘on abducting me, or women like me…’ this is to say that any husband devote-wife is not to be subjected to such humiliation. Further, this is for ashliila nivaaraNa artham ‘to avoid obscenity from the mouth of this principal character in legend….’ Govindaraja. As Seetha is unsure whether Ravana consumed ambrosia or not, but, ‘if your-like malicious minded beings, though they have gulped amR^ita ‘ambrosia’ there is no moksha ‘release, deliverance…’ from death-birth cycle and that moksha is possible through wise thinking… and, as your soul is full with foulness, that unwise state of yours will never attain moksha…’ Rama Tilaka Commentary.
No comments yet.