Vālmīki (Sanskrit: वाल्मीकि)
Introduction
Sugreeva approaches Rama and falls prostrate on Rama’s feet as though seeking pardon for the delay. Rama gets him up and mildly admonishes him. Then Sugreeva while giving the account of legions that are coming in, informs Rama that all the Vanara armies on earth are coming for confronting Ravana in battle. On asserting that Sugreeva is at his job, Rama is pleased heartily.
प्रतिगृह्य च तत् सर्वम् उपानयम् उपाहृतम् |
वानरान् सान्त्वयित्वा च सर्वान् एव व्यसर्जयत् || ४-३८-१
vaanaraan saantvayitvaa ca sarvaan eva vyasarjayat || 4-38-1
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.1
On receiving all those gifts brought in by the Vanara-s from Himalayas, Sugreeva dispersed them all with approbation. [4-38-1]
विसर्जयित्वा स हरीन् सहस्रान् तान् कृत कर्मणः |
मेने कृतार्थम् आत्मानम् राघवम् च महाबलम् || ४-३८-२
mene kR^itaartham aatmaanam raaghavam ca mahaabalam || 4-38-2
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.2
On dispersing thousands of monkeys who have effectuated their errand of summoning all monkeys on the earth, Sugreeva deemed that his own aspirations and as well as those of that great-mighty Rama are achieved. [4-38-2]
स लक्ष्मणो भीम बलम् सर्व वानर सत्तमम् |
अब्रवीत् प्रश्रितम् वाक्यम् सुग्रीवम् संप्रहर्षयन् || ४-३८-३
किष्किंधाया विनिष्क्राम यदि ते सौम्य रोचते |
abraviit prashritam vaakyam sugriivam saMpraharShayan || 4-38-3
kiShki.ndhaayaa viniShkraama yadi te saumya rocate |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.3,4a
Gladdening Sugreeva who is indomitably mighty and the indomitable one among all vanara-s, Lakshmana spoke these courteous words to him, “oh, gentle one, if it please you, make an exit from Kishkindha.” [4-38-3, 4a]
तस्य तत् वचनम् श्रुत्वा लक्ष्मणस्य सुभाषितम् || ४-३८-४
सुग्रीवः परम प्रीतो वाक्यम् एतत् उवाच ह |
एवम् भवतु गच्छामः स्थेयम् त्वत् शासने मया || ४-३८-५
sugriivaH parama priito vaakyam etat uvaaca ha |
evam bhavatu gacchhaamaH stheyam tvat shaasane mayaa || 4-38-5
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.4b,5
On hearing the courteous words of Lakshmana Sugreeva is extremely pleased and he indeed spoke this sentence to him, “So be it. Let us go. I remain biddable in your command.” [4-38-4b, 5]
तम् एवम् उक्त्वा सुग्रीवो लक्ष्मणम् शुभ लक्षणम् |
विसर्जयामास तदा तारा अद्याः च एव योषितः || ४-३८-६
visarjayaamaasa tadaa taaraa adyaaH ca eva yoShitaH || 4-38-6
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.6
Sugreeva speaking thus to Lakshmana, whose person itself is auspicious, then bade adieu to Lady Tara and the other female vanara-s. [4-38-6]
एहि इति उच्छैः हरि वरान् सुग्रीवः समुदाहरत् |
तस्य तद् वचनम् श्रुत्वा हरयः शीघ्रम् आययुः || ४-३८-७
बद्ध अंजलि पुटाः सर्वे ये स्युः स्त्री दर्शन क्षमाः |
tasya tad vacanam shrutvaa harayaH shiighram aayayuH || 4-38-7
baddha a.njali puTaaH sarve ye syuH strii darshana kShamaaH |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.7,8a
Sugreeva shouted sharply saying, “come here,” at the best monkey-adjutants and on hearing his call all of those monkeys that are spared to see the ladies of palace chambers have come there swiftly with their palms adjoined in supplication. [4-38-7,8a]
तान् उवाच ततः प्राप्तान् राजा अर्क सदृश प्रभः || ४-३८-८
उपस्थापयत क्षिप्रम् शिबिकाम् मम वानराः |
upasthaapayata kShipram shibikaam mama vaanaraaH |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.8b,9a
Then the king Sugreeva whose refulgence is kindred to that of sun has said to those vanara-s that have arrived there, “oh, vanara-s, immediately position my palanquin before me.” [4-38-8b, 9a]
श्रुत्वा तु वचनम् तस्य हरयः शीघ्र विक्रमाः || ४-३८-९
समुपस्थापयामासुः शिबिकाम् प्रिय दर्शनाम् |
samupasthaapayaamaasuH shibikaam priya darshanaam |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.9b,10a
On hearing his words those monkeys who are the adept ones in their agility right away brought an exquisite palanquin and readily started to position it at his nearby. [4-38-9b, 10a]
ताम् उपस्थापिताम् दृष्ट्वा शिबिकाम् वानराधिपः || ४-३८-१०
लक्ष्मण आरुह्यताम् शीघ्रम् इति सौमित्रिम् अब्रवीत् |
lakShmaNa aaruhyataam shiighram iti saumitrim abraviit |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.10b,11a
And on seeing palanquin positioned at his nearby the king of monkeys Sugreeva said to Saumitri, “you mount it, Lakshmana, be quick.” [4-38-10b, 11a]
इति उक्त्वा कांचनम् यानम् सुग्रीवः सूर्य सन्निभम् || ४-३८-११
बहुभिः हरिभिः युक्तम् आरुरोह स लक्ष्मणः |
bahubhiH haribhiH yuktam aaruroha sa lakShmaNaH |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.11b,12a
Saying so Sugreeva got into that golden carriage which in shine is like the sun and which has many monkey-carriers along with Lakshmana. [4-38-11b, 12a]
पाण्डुरेण आतपत्रेण ध्रियमाणेन मूर्धनि || ४-३८-१२
शुक्लैः च वाल व्यजनैः धूयमानैः समंततः |
शंख भेरी निनादैः च वन्दिभिः च अभिवन्दितः || ४-३८-१३
निर्ययौ प्राप्य सुग्रीवो राज्य श्रियम् अनुत्तमाम् |
shuklaiH ca vaala vyajanaiH dhuuyamaanaiH sama.ntataH |
sha.nkha bherii ninaadaiH ca vandibhiH ca abhivanditaH || 4-38-13
niryayau praapya sugriivo raajya shriyam anuttamaam |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.12b,13,14a
Sugreeva who achieved the kingdom of unexcelled magnificence has started out that magnificently to the high extolment of panegyrists, while a white royal-parasol spread overhead the palanquin, white fur-fans fanning him from all over, and while conch-shells are blowing loud and drums are drumming high. [4-38-12b, 13, 14a]
स वानर शतैः तीष्क्णैः बहुभिः शस्त्र पाणिभिः || ४-३८-१४
परिकीर्णो ययौ तत्र यत्र रामो व्यवस्थितः |
parikiirNo yayau tatra yatra raamo vyavasthitaH |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.14b,15a
Sugreeva travelled thus surrounded with many hundreds of vanara-s, who look confrontational and who wielded weapons, to the place where Rama is staying. [4-38-14b, 15a]
स तम् देशम् अनुप्राप्य श्रेष्ठम् राम निषेवितम् || ४-३८-१५
अवातरत् महातेजाः शिबिकायाः स लक्ष्मणः |
avaatarat mahaatejaaH shibikaayaaH sa lakShmaNaH |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.15b,16a
On reaching the province where Rama is staying in all his adoration to that place, the great-resplendent Sugreeva descended the palanquin along with Lakshmana. [4-38-15b, 16a]
आसाद्य च ततो रामम् कृत अंजलि पुटो अभवत् || ४-३८-१६
कृत अंजलौ स्थिते तस्मिन् वानराः च अभवन् तथा |
kR^ita a.njalau sthite tasmin vaanaraaH ca abhavan tathaa |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.16b,17a
When Sugreeva reached Rama he stood still with adjoined-palms, and when he remained still with palm-fold all the other monkeys stood still with palm-fold. [4-38-16b, 17a]
तटाकम् इव तम् दृष्ट्वा रामः कुड्मल पंकजम् || ४-३८-१७
वानराणाम् महत् सैन्यम् सुग्रीवे प्रीतिमान् अभूत् |
vaanaraaNaam mahat sainyam sugriive priitimaan abhuut |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.17b,18a
Rama became exultant of Sugreeva on seeing the massive army of Vanara-s which is just like a vast lake plethoric with buds of lotuses. [4-38-17b, 18a]
Terrible looking monkeys are compared with delicate lotus buds – is this a simile at all? Not So. The ‘sense’ dhvani in this is like this. The folded and adjoined palms of all the monkeys are looking like lotus buds. While adjoining palms they raised hands over their heads, where their bodies are appearing similar to the stems of lotuses, and folded palms are like unfolded lotus buds. Rama is gladdened because the lake called Sugreeva contains these many prayerful devotees who are praying with lotus-bud-like folded palms.
पादयोः पतितम् मूर्ध्ना तम् उत्थाप्य हरीश्वरम् || ४-३८-१८
प्रेम्णा च बहुमानात् च राघवः परिषस्वजे |
premNaa ca bahumaanaat ca raaghavaH pariShasvaje |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.18b,19a
Raghava raised and tightly hugged the king of monkeys Sugreeva, who has prostrated himself with his head touching the feet of Rama, with care and credit. [4-38-18b, 19a]
परिष्वज्य च धर्मात्मा निषीद इति ततो अब्रवीत् || ४-३८-१९
निषण्णम् तम् ततो दृष्ट्वा क्षितौ रामो अब्रवीत् ततः |
niShaNNam tam tato dR^iShTvaa kShitau raamo abraviit tataH |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.19b,20a
After hugging Sugreeva that virtue-souled Rama then said to him, “be seated.” Then on seeing Sugreeva who took seat on ground Rama spoke to him. [4-38-19b, 20a]
धर्मम् अर्थम् च कामम् च काले यः तु निषेवते || ४-३८-२०
विभज्य सततम् वीर स राजा हरिसत्तम |
vibhajya satatam viira sa raajaa harisattama |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.20b,21a
“He alone is the king, oh, valiant Sugreeva, who always divides time for devoting himself to probity, prosperity and pleasure-seeking. [4-38-20b, 21a]
Say, mornings for duty-bound affairs, afternoons for financial matters, and nights for pleasure-seeking programs.
हित्वा धर्मम् तथा अर्थम् च कामम् यः तु निषेवते || ४-३८-२१
स वृक्ष अग्रे यथा सुप्तः पतितः प्रतिबुध्यते |
sa vR^ikSha agre yathaa suptaH patitaH pratibudhyate |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.21b,22a
“If one devotes himself to pleasure-seeking alone, casting off the probity and like that the prosperity also, he is like the one who slept on a treetop who awakens only after falling down. [4-38-21b, 22a]
An out-and-out pleasure-seeker wakes up only when he runs into troubles. Till such time he uses slender branches and tender leaves available on the infirm treetop, called his pleasuring area, as his cushion bed and foam pillows.
अमित्राणाम् वधे युक्तो मित्राणाम् संग्रहे रतः || ४-३८-२२
त्रिवर्ग फल भोक्ता च राजा धर्मेण युज्यते |
trivarga phala bhoktaa ca raajaa dharmeNa yujyate |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.22b,23a
“And the king who is bound up in eliminating unfriendly ones and bound up with forgathering friends, he will be enjoined with righteousness, and he even becomes the real enjoyer of the fruit of threefold virtues, namely dharma, artha, kaama – probity, prosperity and pleasures. [4-38-22b, 23a]
A sheer pleasure-seeker will be awakened when he suddenly falls from heights of pleasures, may it be due any factor like wealth, age or destitution. This happens if only he summarily rejects the other two, probity in life and pursuance to acquire real and everlasting prosperity, in lifetime. And a real king worth his kingship is the one who practises and enjoys all the threefold virtues, namely probity, prosperity and pleasures at appropriate timings and at appreciable limits, unlike Sugreeva who is indulgent in only one among those three, namely pleasures.
उद्योग समयः तु एष प्राप्तः शत्रु निषूदन || ४-३८-२३
संचिंत्यताम् हि पिंगेश हरिभिः सह मंत्रिभिः |
sa.nci.ntyataam hi pi.ngesha haribhiH saha ma.ntribhiH |
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.23b,24a
“Oh, enemy-eliminator, time for endeavour has come, oh, king of monkeys, let this be discussed along with your monkey-ministers.” Thus Rama spoke to Sugreeva. [4-38-23b, 24a]
एवम् उक्तः तु सुग्रीवो रामम् वचनम् अब्रवीत् || ४-३८-२४
प्रनष्टा श्रीः च कीर्तिः च कपि राज्यम् च शाश्वतम् |
त्वत् प्रसादात् महाबाहो पुनः प्राप्तम् इदम् मया || ४-३८-२५
pranaShTaa shriiH ca kiirtiH ca kapi raajyam ca shaashvatam |
tvat prasaadaat mahaabaaho punaH praaptam idam mayaa || 4-38-25
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.24b,25
When Rama addressed him in this way, Sugreeva said these words to Rama, “oh, dextrous Rama, by your beneficence I have repossessed prosperity, popularity and this everlasting kingdom of monkeys which are actually mislaid. [4-38-24b, 25]
तव देव प्रसदात् च भ्रातुः च जयताम् वर |
कृतम् न प्रतिकुर्यात् यः पुरुषाणाम् स दूषकः || ४-३८-२६
kR^itam na pratikuryaat yaH puruShaaNaam sa duuShakaH || 4-38-26
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.26
“Oh, god, by your and your brother’s benevolence alone I regained what I lost, oh, victorious one among victors, and he who does not requite the favour that has been done for him will become the vitiator of probity among men. [4-38-26]
एते वानर मुख्याः च शतशः शत्रु सूदन |
प्राप्ताः च आदाय बलिनः पृथिव्याम् सर्व वानरान् || ४-३८-२७
ऋक्षाः च वानराः शूरा गोलांगूलाः च राघव |
कांतार वन दुर्गाणाम् अभिज्ञा घोर दर्शनाः || ४-३८-२८
praaptaaH ca aadaaya balinaH pR^ithivyaam sarva vaanaraan || 4-38-27
R^ikShaaH ca vaanaraaH shuuraa golaa.nguulaaH ca raaghava |
kaa.ntaara vana durgaaNaam abhij~naa ghora darshanaaH || 4-38-28
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.27,28
“These are the hundreds of vanara chiefs, oh, enemy-subjugator, who have just returned on forgathering all of the forceful vanara-s on earth. [4-38-27,28]
देव गन्धर्व पुत्राः च वानराः काम रूपिणः |
स्वैः स्वैः परिवृताः सैन्यैः वर्तन्ते पथि राघव || ४-३८-२९
svaiH svaiH parivR^itaaH sainyaiH vartante pathi raaghava || 4-38-29
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.29
“Oh, Raghava, the legatee of Raghu, those vanara-s with dreadful appearance, and who are the experts in permeating the impenetrable forests, woodlands and impassable mountains are coming. And the bears, monkeys and brave baboons who are the children of gods and gandharva-s, and who change their guise just by their wish are halfway through on their path duly fenced round with one’s own forces. [4-38-29]
शतैः शत सहस्रैः च कोटिभिः च प्लवंगमाः |
अयुतैः च आवृता वीरा शंकुभिः च परंतप || ४-३८-३०
अर्बुदैः अर्बुद शतैः मध्यैः च अन्तैः च वानराः |
समुद्राः च परार्धाः च हरयो हरि यूथपाः || ४-३८-३१
आगमिष्यन्ति ते राजन् महेन्द्र सम विक्रमाः |
मेघ पर्वत संकाशा मेरु विन्ध्य कृत आलयाः || ४-३८-३२
ayutaiH ca aavR^itaa viiraa sha.nkubhiH ca para.ntapa || 4-38-30
ar.hbudaiH ar.hbuda shataiH madhyaiH ca antaiH ca vaanaraaH |
samudraaH ca paraar.hdhaaH ca harayo hari yuuthapaaH || 4-38-31
aagamiShyanti te raajan mahendra sama vikramaaH |
megha parvata saMkaashaa meru vindhya kR^ita aalayaaH || 4-38-32
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.30,31,3
“Oh, king, some of the fly-jumpers that are arriving are with a hundred-legion, some with a hundred-thousand legion, and even some with millions of legions, while the some are on the way with specific legions like aayuta-s, shanku-s. And oh, valiant one Rama, some with legions of arbuda-s, and some with hundreds of arbuda-s, some with madhya-s, and some with antaH-s are coming. Some more are coming with samudra-s and some with paraardha-s legions of monkeys. Oh, enemy-flamer Rama, the legions of monkeys along with their monkey commanders who are viable to Mahendra in valour, and who compare with massive clouds and mountains, and who domiciled on Mt. Meru and Mt. Vindhya will be coming in your service. [4-38-30, 31, 32]
In the Indian counting system hundred thousands becomes one lakh, [1,00, 000.] One hundred lakhs become one crore, [10,000,000.] The ancient Indian legionaries have names like aayuta ‘one thousand per unit…’ shanku ‘one lakh crores…’ a trillion – 1012. One arbuda ‘thousand shanku-s…’ madhyama ‘ten arbuda-s…’ antam ‘ten madhyama-s…’ samudra ‘twenty antya-s…’ paraardha ‘thirty samudra-s…’ Rama Tilaka says that by giving these numbers it is to be understood that ‘innumerable monkeys are coming…’ But others hold the view that the ancients have organised military pattern hence particular nomenclature is given to each, apart from the generalisation of Rama Tilaka.
Govindaraja takes up the enumeration as given in Indian Astrology, which multiplies ten times each, as said in verse:
ekam dasha shatam asmaat sahasram ayutam tataH param lakSham | prayutam koTim atha arbudam vR^inde kharvam nikharvam ca | tasmaat mahaa sarojam shankum saritaam patim tvat antam | madhyam paraadham aaruuhya atha uttaram dasha guNam tathaa j~neyam || ‘one, ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand, one lakh, prayutam ‘ten lakhs or a million, then a crore and then an arbuda ten-crore or a billion, and then ten arbuda-s makes one bR^inda and ten brinda-s make one kharva and ten kharva-s make one nikharva and ten nikharva-s make one mahaa padma and ten mahaa padma-s make one shanku ‘one lakh crores or a trillion, and ten shanku-s make one samudra and then ten samudra-s make one anta and ten anta-s make a madhyama and ten madhyama-s make one paraardha it may be known thus…
By this, the nomenclature of million, billion and trillion was there in ancient days and this may be observed by the names: prayutam ‘a million…’ arbuda ‘a billion..’ and shanku ‘a trillion…’ and this exactly relates to the decimal system which is based on the number ten, in which the smaller units are related to the principal units as powers of ten [units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.]
ते त्वाम् अभिगमिष्यन्ति राक्षसम् योद्धुम् आहवे |
निहत्य रावणम् युद्धे हि आनयिष्यन्ति मैथिलीम् || ४-३८-३३
nihatya raavaNam yuddhe hi aanayiShyanti maithiliim || 4-38-33
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.33
“Those vanara-s who are combative in wars, and those who can fetch Maithili on eliminating Ravana in war, will be approaching you soon.” Thus Sugreeva informed Rama. [4-38-33]
ततः समुद्योगम् अवेक्ष्य वीर्यवान्
हरि प्रवीरस्य निदेश वर्तिनः |
बभूव हर्षात् वसुधा अधिप आत्मजः
प्रबुद्ध नील उत्पल तुल्य दर्शनः || ४-३८-३४
hari praviirasya nidesha vartinaH |
babhuuva harShaat vasudhaa adhipa aatmajaH
prabuddha niila utpala tulya darshanaH || 4-38-34
ॐ
Show Description: Sloka 4.38.34
Then on seeing the perfect effort made by the prominent one among all monkeys, Sugreeva, who is operating under his control, the eyes of valorous prince Rama are widened in jubilance, like the well-bloomed blue-lotuses. [4-38-34]
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